刘晓川：谈谈住宅园林中的植物风水
Liu Xiao Chuan: Fengshui and landscape design for residential community

文：刘晓川 2011年12月

Author: Liu XiaoChuan

　　风水学是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，中国古代所有的园林设计都渗透着风水学的影响。而如今园林设计已然成为了房地产项目开发的一个重要考虑因素，尤其是在各种豪宅项目中，更是追求精益求精。植物造景作为园林设计的重要步骤和构成要素之一，也可以从风水学当中汲取营养。把风水学中易学的阴阳五行原理，植物本身在风水学中的属性，植物在风水中的象征性等应用于植物造景过程中不单是为我们房地产项目规划提供了重要的参考标准，也对与传统文化继承和发扬，有着重要意义。
　　Fengshui is an important part of Chinese traditional culture. It is quite obvious to witness the impact of Fengshui design onto most of heritage gardens. In the modern world, garden and landscape design has been a major factor of high-end residential community. Plant arrangement, the main component of landscape design can benefit from the research of Fengshui. Implement ing IChing and Yin&Yang, the intrinsic nature of plant in relation to IChing, the representation of plants in Fengshui, are not only the critical step of planning real estate development，but also the utilisation of traditional culture, which has a very special meaning to Chinese.
一、植物的分布特征
1. Distribution of various types of plants
　　橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳，不同的地区适宜不同的植物生长，我们在园林规划是也应该顺天应时，切不可逆天而为。
　　Chinese know that Citrus tree can produce different fruits in different geo-location. Plants will only survive in the environment it suits. We should respect the nature of plants.

　　广州“星河湾”当年以极具震撼力的热带风格园林，吸引了全国各地无数的开发商前去参观，广受地产界的好评。之后，以星河湾为模本的热带园林在全国范围内被广泛拷贝。包括许多不具备广州气候特质的城市，因此种植热带植物也就意味着昂贵的物业维护成本，有些甚至才种下不久便夭折了，最终使得业主和开发商双方利益都受到了损失。
　　It was amazing when Guangzhou star-river revealed its garden, the tropical rain forest like landscape had attracted visitors from all over the country, and received very positive critics. Since then, star-river garden became a mode design, and had been cloned around the whole nation, including the places where the climate was total different to Guangzhou. Therefore the cost of migrating and maintaining the garden is sky high. For sure in some places, the tropical plants died instantly after planted. In the end, the developer and investors bore the loss.

　　后来，星河湾挥师北京。就在大家都以为北京将出现“原汁原味”的热带园林景观时，星河湾却用一系列本土化的树种，打造出了比广州星河湾更令人赞叹的园林。 星河湾用实际行动给所有复制其园林的开发商上了生动的一课，尊重植物，顺天应时。
　　Later, Star-river entered Beijing market. While speculations were expecting to see another original tropical garden in Beijing, they planted all local trees. However, the presentation was again amazing. Star-river was the master of landscape in residential community. The theory behind this is the lesson all should learn, which is follow the nature.

二、植物的风水属性
2. The Fengshui property of plants
1、植物的阴阳
1. Yin & Yang for plants
　　天地万物都分阴阳，风水学上须遵循阴阳平衡的宗旨，植物也遵循着这个恒定的法则生长在自己所需的环境当中。植物有阴阳之分，以生长环境的差别，可分为阳性植物和阴性植物，阳性植物如荔枝、木棉、牡丹、松、竹等，可用于园林栽植。而阴性植物，如柏树等阴气重，加上民俗文化心理影响，一般多种在陵园而不种于住宅小区；榕树阴气、湿气都重，一般种在路旁而不宜近宅。了解了植物阴阳属性后我们在排布植物时就需要依其特性而列，一般来说开花结果的植物都喜欢异性同栽，不宜同性片植或孤栽。孤阴不生，孤阳不长。如银杏树，雌雄同栽，方结白果。苹果对孤栽减产，这些都已成为果农的常识了。
　　According to IChing, everything is divided into Yin and Yang. Fengshui respects the rule of balanced Yin&Yang. So are the plants in nature. How we decide what is Yin or Yang is based on the local environment of a particular plant. For examples: plants with Yang: Lichee, ceiba, peony, bamboo, pine, which are good for garden use. Plants with Yin, such as cypress, are not recommended for community garden, but usually used for gardens in cemetery. This choice is also the result of traditional cultural impact. Banyan tree should not be planted on the roadside, because of the strong Yin type. After we understand the nature of plants, we will have better arrangement for the plants. Generally speaking, plants with fruits love to have opposite typed plant in pair; but not by itself or have a group of same plants together. Traditionally we believe that all Yin plants would die if planted together, all Yang will have growing problem. From the experience, we also can proof our discovery, ginkgo must be mix to produce fruits. if you plant apple by themselves, you will have limited fruit.

2、植物的相生相克
2. The correlation of plants
　　世界上任何事物都是相互联系和相互制约的，植物间也存在相克、互相制约的关系。植物之间存在化学物质的相互反应，即植物之间存在相生相克的规律，且与五行的相生相克对应，要使植物应运而生，须符合客观规律，遵循植物的生克原则，合理种植，才能营造出舒适赏心的生态环境。
　　All things on this planet are correlated, this contraction is also applying to plants. To design a sustainable and good-looking landscape, one must follow the internal relationship among the plants, as also described in IChing.

　　目前已有许多可以借鉴的经验，如：松与赤杨、锦鸡儿与松树、杨树种在一起有良好的作用，而松与接骨木、榆树与栎树、白桦与松树、柏树与桔树都具有相克现象不能种在一起，许多植物不能与胡桃为邻……利用植物相生相克、有利有害的规律，来指导植物之间的组合搭配，可组建成高质量、高效益、和谐、稳定的园林植被结构，更增强。
　　There are quite a number of tips and experiences we can learn from, such as: Pine and alder, Caragana with Pine and poplar trees are good pairs. Pine and birch, elm and oak, cypress and citrus should not be planted together. Walnut tree usually doesn't grow well with any other plants. Using those tips can help us build a high quality, long lasting, sustainable garden. Each individual plant is enhanced to the neighbouring plants.